The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• knife in the cryo-stage preparation chamber, were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (6 nm thickness) and examined under freeze conditions (−120 °C) in the SEM Hitachi S-4800 at 3 kV acceleration voltage. Sputter-coated samples were also used to demonstrate the modulation of the light reflection

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• midrib (Figure 2). This could also be clearly observed from the difference in light reflection from the epoxy replicas. Figure 4 shows a typical epoxy replica of a leaf at stage 2 displaying the inclined ridge progression line. CLSM analysis showed that the surface of the transparent region of the epoxy

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• to a non-uniform surface morphology, as intended by us. The average root mean square (RMS) roughness of sample A equals 60 nm. As a result, light reflection is reduced for the cell. This effect was published previously [14] for PV structures prepared on a thicker Si absorber. This feature enhances

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• containing graphene on nanowires have been used in solar cells to increase their efficiency. In particular, it has been shown that the application of nanowires in solar cells decreases light reflection by scattering of light in between nanowires [7][8]. Nanowires have also a high cross-section of light

Ultraviolet patterns of flowers revealed in polymer replica – caused by surface architecture

• Anna J. Schulte,
• Matthias Mail,
• Lisa A. Hahn and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 459–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.45

• strongly absorbing surfaces. Keywords: biomimetics; hierarchical structures; light absorption; light harvesting; light reflection; Introduction The outer epidermal surface of plants, the cuticle, forms the first and crucial boundary to the abiotic environment [1][2]. In most cases, this cuticle is a

• pollinator. This was also substantial for the attractiveness of flowers for bees which also recognized the UV-patterns [6][30]. Gorton and Vogelmann [31] showed that about 50–75% of the light reflection difference in flowers can be attributed to the structural differences at the petal surfaces. In previous

Periodic structures on liquid-phase smectic A, nematic and isotropic free surfaces

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko,
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov,
• Gennadii V. Mishakov and
• Andrei V. Sharkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 342–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.34

• example, AFM, light reflection, high-resolution microscopy, X-ray reflection, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. We have applied the four most popular microscopy tools: polarized optical microscopy, ISSA, AFM, and SNOM and compared experimental images of focal conic domains (FCDs) [11][12][13

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• multicomponent mixtures which goes beyond the present work. Helical pitch length The parameters of the helical structure, namely the helix pitch length p, were determined on homeotropically aligned samples by measuring the selective light reflection within the temperature range of the tilted ferroelectric SmC

• pitch length p was determined on homeotropically aligned samples under study placed on a single glass plate while leaving the other surface of the sample free. The measurements of the helical pitch p were based on the selective light reflection phenomenon [60]. The measurements of the temperature

Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko and
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2544–2551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.254

• boundary structures, common nanotechnology tools are used, for example atomic force microscopy (AFM) [3], light reflection, high-resolution microscopy, X-ray reflection, and transmission electron microscopy. Nanoprofilometers have shown great progress in the last years and are now capable of resolving

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• areas of defects as demonstrated by TEM images (Figure 18) [111]. GO and rGO can be easily distinguished by standard optical observation [109]. rGO usually has an increased charge carrier concentration and mobility that results in improved light reflection when deposited onto a metallic substrate as

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

• Giuseppe Leone,
• Francesco Galeotti,
• William Porzio,
• Guido Scavia,
• Luisa Barba,
• Gianmichele Arrighetti,
• Giovanni Ricci,
• Chiara Botta and
• Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

• sample surface alignment in the horizontal plane containing the X-ray beam by means of laser light reflection. Subsequently it was possible to rotate it around an axis perpendicular to this plane or, alternatively, to vary the angle between beam and surface (angle of incidence). Bidimensional diffraction

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• inspection of an inverted optical microscope, the cantilever was placed on top of an isolated bacterium, briefly and carefully tapped onto the cell, and immediately pulled back again. In order to keep the applied force low, the deflection of the cantilever was monitored by the light reflection off the

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• reduce the reflection of light from the surface of the eye, due to the gradient in the refractive index in the near surface region. This is important for nocturnal insects such as moths, because it gives a better low-light vision (moth-eye effect). The reduced light reflection also provides an antiglare

Superhydrophobic surfaces of the water bug Notonecta glauca: a model for friction reduction and air retention

• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Erik S. Schneider,
• Jan-Erik Melskotte,
• Martin Brede,
• Alfred Leder and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 137–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.17

• light reflection at the air–water interface. Digital images of the submerged specimens were recorded using a Canon Power Shot SX110IS digital camera (Canon Inc., Japan). To compare the air film persistence of the three investigated surfaces with regard to the different surface structures, we covered

• the images using the area of total light reflection on the elytron. Lateral view on the water bug Notonecta glauca. Selected air retaining body parts of Notonecta glauca: A,B) setae on the abdominal sternites; C,D) underside of the elytra with a dense cover of microtrichia; E,F) upper side of elytra